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Northern Irish police used covert powers to monitor over 300 journalists
PSNI publishes report on police surveillance of journalists and lawyers, but Northern Ireland’s Policing Board says it does not give the assurances needed
Police in Northern Ireland have made 323 applications for communications data relating to journalists since 2011.
The chief constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) disclosed the figures in a report commissioned by the Northern Ireland Policing Board.
The report follows concerns over the use of covert powers against journalists and lawyers following a hearing by the Investigatory Powers Tribunal into allegations of unlawful police surveillance against two Northern Irish journalists.
Police chief Jon Boutcher disclosed in a 48-page report that the PSNI had made 10 applications to use covert powers to identify journalists’ confidential sources between 2021 and March 2024. “The remainder of the applications did not seek to identify a journalist’s source and their profession may have been entirely unrelated to the request,” the report said.
Northern Irish police made 500 applications for communications data for lawyers who were victims, suspects or witnesses to crime. The report also reveals that Northern Irish police authorised four Covert Human Intelligence Sources (CHIS) to provide intelligence on journalists or lawyers.
Courts have recognised that both journalists and lawyers have enhanced protection over their confidentiality communications with legal clients and confidential journalistic sources under European and UK law.
Policing Board chair Mukesh Sharma said the report did not give the board the assurances it needed, adding that the board “remains open to all courses of action to ensure there is proper accountability on these issues, and will continue to pursue the question of the use of police surveillance powers directly with the chief constable.”
PSNI checked police phone logs for contact with journalists
The report confirms that the PSNI ran a separate “lawful business monitoring” process to check calls made from police phones against journalists’ phone numbers.
The PSNI said it was “normal practice” for most regulated professionals and many businesses to check that their staff are not making inappropriate calls from work.
“It is unfortunately a necessary tactic to ensure the high standards we set for our officers and the importance we afford to protecting data and information with which we are entrusted, as the public would expect,” the report states. “Occasionally, those individuals are found to have been in contact with journalists or others in sensitive professions who deal with confidential information.”
The PSNI said it discontinued the practice in March 2023 “as its effectiveness was limited”. There were no plans to reintroduce the practice, but it could be reintroduced in the future, the report stated.
The PSNI has not disclosed how many journalists were identified using this practice, which is not governed by the Investigatory Powers Act, unlike access to telephone or internet communications data from members of the public.
On Monday, Boutcher announced he had commissioned a further investigation in the form of an “independent review” of police surveillance of journalists, lawyers and civil society groups from special advocate Angus McCullough.
The move follows disclosures in the Investigatory Powers Tribunal that police had used surveillance powers in an attempt to identify journalists’ confidential sources.
The Investigatory Powers Tribunal is investigating claims that the PSNI had unlawfully spied on journalists Trevor Birney and Barry McCaffrey after they produced a film exposing the PSNI’s failure to investigate the murders of six innocent people killed by a paramilitary group in Loughinisland, County Down in 1994.
More questions than answers
Responding to the PSNI report, Patrick Corrigan, Amnesty International’s Northern Ireland director, said the PSNI had raised more questions than answers.
“The extent of surveillance revealed in the report goes well beyond the number of cases previously identified through the Investigatory Powers Tribunal,” he said.
“It’s shocking that the police sought journalists’ communications data over 300 times, for the clear purpose of identifying their confidential sources on 10 occasions,” added Corrigan. “In one in 10 of the 323 cases targeting journalists’ communications data, the PSNI categorised the journalist as a ‘criminal suspect’. The police appear to have forgotten that journalism is not a crime.
“As well as spying on journalists, the revelation that there were 500 applications for surveillance on lawyers, 365 of which related to private communications data, is simply startling,” he said. “This report tells us nothing about how many of those incidents may have compromised lawyer-client confidentiality, a legally protected right.”
Daniel Holder, director of the Committee on the Administration of Justice, said: “The PSNI line seems to be shifting from downplaying that there was a broader problem, to reframing their position, to conceding that they were at it but that it’s not what we think. This is not convincing.”
PSNI deputy chief constable Chris Todd said yesterday’s report aimed to show that concern about widespread, and unjustified, surveillance of journalists and lawyers was misplaced.
“This report has been published to provide reassurance to the public and stakeholders about our use of surveillance powers,” he said. “It is part of our response to concerns about media coverage of reports of inappropriate use of covert powers against journalists and lawyers.”
“The concern has been that there was widespread, and unjustified, surveillance of journalists and lawyers,” said Todd. “Without pre-judging the outcome of the independent McCullough review announced by the chief constable earlier this week, it is important to reiterate that we believe this concern is misplaced.”
Read more about Trevor Birney and Barry McCaffrey phone surveillance case
- Police chief commissions ‘independent review’ of surveillance against journalists and lawyers.
- Police accessed phone records of ‘trouble-making journalists’.
- BBC instructs lawyers over allegations of police surveillance of journalist.
- The Policing Board of Northern Ireland has asked the Police Service of Northern Ireland to produce a public report on its use of covert surveillance powers against journalists and lawyers after it gave ‘utterly vague’ answers.
- PSNI chief constable John Boutcher has agreed to provide a report on police surveillance of journalists and lawyers to Northern Ireland’s policing watchdog but denies industrial use of surveillance powers.
- Report reveals Northern Ireland police put up to 18 journalists and lawyers under surveillance.
- Three police forces took part in surveillance operations between 2011 and 2018 to identify sources that leaked information to journalists Trevor Birney and Barry McCaffrey, the Investigatory Powers Tribunal hears.
- Amnesty International and the Committee on the Administration of Justice have asked Northern Ireland’s policing watchdog to open an inquiry into the Police Service of Northern Ireland’s use of surveillance powers against journalists.
- Britain’s most secret court is to hear claims that UK authorities unlawfully targeted two journalists in a ‘covert surveillance’ operation after they exposed the failure of police in Northern Ireland to investigate paramilitary killings.
- The Police Service of Northern Ireland is unable to delete terabytes of unlawfully seized data taken from journalists who exposed police failings in the investigation of the Loughinisland sectarian murders.
- The Investigatory Powers Tribunal has agreed to investigate complaints by Northern Ireland investigative journalists Trevor Birney and Barry McCaffrey that they were unlawfully placed under surveillance.
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